. United Kingdom. United StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$59 millionBox office$90.3 millionSherlock Gnomes is a 2018 directed. A direct sequel to (2011), the film stars the voices of, and.Unlike its predecessor, which was produced and distributed by under their banner, Sherlock Gnomes was produced by and, with the animation service provided by, though was still involved. It was the first film from Paramount Animation to be entirely animated, and the first animated film from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer since 2008's.The film was released in the on March 23, 2018,. It grossed $90 million worldwide.
^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (September 5, 2012). Retrieved March 8, 2012. ^. Retrieved November 22, 2018.
^ (Press release). June 9, 2016.
Retrieved January 2, 2017. ^ Evans, Greg (May 26, 2017). Retrieved May 28, 2017. Fleming, Mike Jr. (March 8, 2012). Retrieved March 9, 2012. ^ Evry, Max (November 3, 2017).
Retrieved November 5, 2017. Robinson, Will (November 7, 2015). Retrieved November 7, 2015.
CS (November 10, 2015). Retrieved November 11, 2015. Idelson, Karen (March 22, 2018).
Retrieved March 27, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2018. Paramount Pictures. November 7, 2017. Archived from on November 9, 2017.
Retrieved November 9, 2017 – via. Dacey (January 27, 2018). Animated Views. Retrieved March 11, 2018. DVDs Release Dates. Retrieved May 21, 2018. Rubin, Rebecca (March 21, 2018).
Retrieved March 21, 2018. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 25, 2018). Retrieved March 25, 2018.
Retrieved January 11, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2018. Adult Swim – via YouTube. Razzie Channel – via YouTube.External links Wikiquote has quotations related to:Wikimedia Commons has media related to. at. at. on.
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Sherlock Holmes in a 1904 illustration byFirst appearanceCreated byInformationGenderMaleOccupationConsulting detectiveFamily(brother)NationalityBritishFirst appearing in print in 1887's, the character's popularity became widespread with the first series of short stories in, beginning with ' in 1891; additional tales appeared from then until 1927, eventually totalling. All but one are set in the or eras, between about 1880 and 1914. Most are narrated by the character of Holmes's friend and biographer, who usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations and often shares quarters with him at the address of, London, where many of the stories begin.Though not the first fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes is arguably the best known, with listing him as the 'most portrayed movie character' in history.
Holmes's popularity and fame are such that many have believed him to be not a fictional character but a real individual; numerous literary and fan societies have been founded that pretend to operate on. Widely considered a, the character and stories have had a profound and lasting effect on and as a whole, with the original tales as well as thousands being into stage and radio plays, television, films, video games, and other media for over one hundred years. (1859–1930), Sherlock Holmes' creator, in 1914's is generally acknowledged as the first detective in fiction and served as the prototype for many later characters, including Holmes. Conan Doyle once wrote, 'Each of Poe's detective stories is a root from which a whole literature has developed.
Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?' Similarly, the stories of 's were extremely popular at the time Conan Doyle began writing Holmes, and Holmes' speech and behaviour sometimes follow that of Lecoq.
Holmes and Watson discuss Dupin and Lecoq at the beginning of A Study in Scarlet.Conan Doyle repeatedly said that Holmes was inspired by the real-life figure of, a surgeon at the, whom Conan Doyle met in 1877 and had worked for as a clerk. Like Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing broad conclusions from minute observations. However, he later wrote to Conan Doyle: 'You are yourself Sherlock Holmes and well you know it'. Sir, Chair of Medical Jurisprudence at the, is also cited as an inspiration for Holmes. Littlejohn, who was also Police Surgeon and Medical Officer of Health in Edinburgh, provided Conan Doyle with a link between medical investigation and the detection of crime.Other inspirations have been proposed, such as Maximilien Heller, by French author Henry Cauvain.
In this 1871 novel (sixteen years before the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes), Henry Cauvain imagined a depressed, anti-social, opium-smoking polymath detective, operating in Paris. It is not known if Conan Doyle read the novel, but he was fluent in French.
Has suggested that a German self-styled 'consulting detective' named Walter Scherer may have been the model for Holmes. The cover page of issue which contains Holmes's first appearance in 1887 Details about Sherlock Holmes' life are scarce in Conan Doyle's stories.
Nevertheless, mentions of his early life and extended family paint a loose biographical picture of the detective.An estimate of Holmes's age in ' places his year of birth at 1854; the story, set in August 1914, describes him as sixty years of age. His parents are not mentioned in the stories, although Holmes mentions that his 'ancestors' were 'country '. In ', he claims that his grandmother was sister to the French artist Vernet, without clarifying whether this was,. Holmes's brother, seven years his senior, is a government official. Mycroft has a unique position as a kind of human database for all aspects of government policy.
He lacks Sherlock's interest in physical investigation, however, preferring to spend his time at the.Holmes says that he first developed his methods of deduction as an undergraduate; his earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from fellow university students. A meeting with a classmate's father led him to adopt detection as a profession, and he spent several years after university as a consultant before financial difficulties led him to accept as a fellow lodger.The two take lodgings at, London, an apartment at the upper (north) end of the street, up seventeen steps. Life with Watson. Holmes and Watson in a illustration for 'Holmes worked as a detective for twenty-three years, with physician John Watson assisting him for seventeen. They were roommates before Watson's 1888 marriage and again after 's death. Their residence is maintained by their landlady,.
Most of the stories are, written from Watson's point of view as summaries of the detective's most interesting cases. Holmes frequently calls Watson's writing sensational and populist, suggesting that it fails to accurately and objectively report the 'science' of his craft:Detection is, or ought to be, an exact science and should be treated in the same cold and unemotional manner. You have attempted to tinge it 'A Study in Scarlet' with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if you worked a love-story.into the fifth proposition of Euclid. Some facts should be suppressed, or, at least, a just sense of proportion should be observed in treating them. The only point in the case which deserved mention was the curious analytical reasoning from effects to causes, by which I succeeded in unravelling it. — Sherlock Holmes on John Watson's 'pamphlet',Nevertheless, Holmes's friendship with Watson is his most significant relationship.
When Watson is injured by a bullet, although the wound turns out to be 'quite superficial', Watson is moved by Holmes's reaction:It was worth a wound; it was worth many wounds; to know the depth of loyalty and love which lay behind that cold mask. The clear, hard eyes were dimmed for a moment, and the firm lips were shaking. For the one and only time I caught a glimpse of a great heart as well as of a great brain. All my years of humble but single-minded service culminated in that moment of revelation. PracticeHolmes' clients vary from the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe, to wealthy and, to impoverished.
He is known only in select professional circles at the beginning of the first story, but is already collaborating with Scotland Yard. However, his continued work and the publication of Watson's stories raises Holmes' profile, and he rapidly becomes well known as a detective; so many clients ask for his help instead of (or in addition to) that of the police that, Watson writes, by 1895 Holmes has 'an immense practice'.
Police outside London ask Holmes for assistance if he is nearby, even during a vacation. A and the visit 221B Baker Street in person to request Holmes's assistance; the awards him its for solving a case; the King of Scandinavia is a client; and he aids the at least twice. The detective acts on behalf of the British government in matters of national security several times, and declines a 'for services which may perhaps some day be described'. The Great Hiatus. Holmes and Moriarty struggle at the; drawing by Sidney PagetThe first set of Holmes stories was published between 1887 and 1893. Wishing to devote more time to his historical novels, Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in a final battle with the criminal mastermind in 'The Final Problem' (published 1893, but set in 1891).
Hound Of The Baskervilles Free
Legend has it that Londoners were so distraught upon hearing the news of Holmes' death that they wore black armbands in mourning. However, there is no known contemporary source for this; the earliest known reference to such events comes from 1949.After resisting public pressure for eight years, Conan Doyle wrote (serialised in 1901–02, with an implicit setting before Holmes's death). In 1903, Conan Doyle wrote 'The Adventure of the Empty House', set in 1894; Holmes reappears, explaining to a stunned Watson that he had faked his death to fool his enemies. 'The Adventure of the Empty House' marks the beginning of the second set of stories, which Conan Doyle wrote until 1927.
Sherlock Holmes inHolmes aficionados refer to the period from 1891 to 1894—between his disappearance and presumed death in 'The Final Problem' and his reappearance in 'The Adventure of the Empty House'—as the Great Hiatus. The earliest known use of this expression is in the article 'Sherlock Holmes and the Great Hiatus' by Edgar W.
Smith, published in the July 1946 issue of The Baker Street Journal. RetirementIn 'His Last Bow', Holmes has retired to a small farm on the and taken up as his primary occupation. The move is not dated precisely, but can be presumed to be no later than 1904 (since it is referred to retrospectively in 'The Second Stain', first published that year). The story features Holmes and Watson coming out of retirement to aid the effort. Only one other adventure, ', takes place during the detective's retirement. Sidney Paget illustration from 'The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez'Watson describes Holmes as ' in his habits and lifestyle. Described by Watson in as having a 'cat-like' love of personal cleanliness, Holmes is an with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order.
In many of the stories, Holmes dives into an apparent mess to find a relevant item. In ', Watson says:Although in his methods of thought he was the neatest and most methodical of mankind. he keeps his cigars in the, his tobacco in the toe end of a Persian slipper, and his unanswered correspondence transfixed by a jack-knife into the very centre of his wooden mantelpiece.
He had a horror of destroying documents. Thus month after month his papers accumulated, until every corner of the room was stacked with bundles of manuscript which were on no account to be burned, and which could not be put away save by their owner.The detective starves himself at times of intense intellectual activity, such as during '—wherein, according to Watson:Holmes had no breakfast for himself, for it was one of his peculiarities that in his more intense moments he would permit himself no food, and I have known him to presume upon his iron strength until he has fainted from pure inanition. Whose illustrations in The Strand Magazine iconicised Holmes and WatsonWhile the detective is usually dispassionate and cold, during an investigation he is animated and excitable. He has a flair for showmanship, preparing elaborate traps to capture and expose a culprit (often to impress observers). His companion condones the detective's willingness to bend the truth (or break the law) on behalf of a client—lying to the police, concealing evidence or breaking into houses—when he feels it morally justifiable, but condemns Holmes' manipulation of innocent people in '. Holmes derives pleasure from baffling police inspectors with his deductions and has supreme confidence—bordering on arrogance—in his intellectual abilities.
While the detective does not actively seek fame and is usually content to let the police take public credit for his work, he is pleased when his skills are recognised and responds to flattery.Except for that of Watson, Holmes avoids casual company. In, he tells the doctor that during two years at college he made only one friend: 'I was never a very sociable fellow, Watson. I never mixed much with the men of my year'. The detective is similarly described in A Study in Scarlet.As shooting practice during a period of boredom, Holmes decorates the wall of his Baker Street lodgings with a 'patriotic' VR ( ) in 'bullet-pocks' from his revolver. Holmes relaxes with music in ', taking the evening off from a case to listen to play violin.
His enjoyment of vocal music, particularly, is evident in '.Drug use. Shortly after meeting Holmes in the first story, A Study in Scarlet (generally assumed to be 1881, though the exact date is not given), Watson assesses the detective's abilities:. Knowledge of Literature – nil. Knowledge of Philosophy – nil. Knowledge of Astronomy – nil. Knowledge of Politics – Feeble.
Knowledge of Botany – Variable. Well up in, and poisons generally.
Knows nothing of practical gardening. Knowledge of Geology – Practical, but limited. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. After walks, has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what he had received them. Knowledge of Chemistry – Profound.
Knowledge of Anatomy – Accurate, but unsystematic. Knowledge of – Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century. Plays the violin well. Is an expert player, boxer and swordsman.
Has a good practical knowledge of.Arthur Conan Doyle, A Study in ScarletSubsequent stories reveal that Watson's early assessment was incomplete in places and inaccurate in others, due to the passage of time if nothing else. At the end of A Study in Scarlet, Holmes demonstrates a knowledge of. Despite Holmes's supposed ignorance of politics, in 'A Scandal in Bohemia' he immediately recognises the true identity of 'Count von Kramm'. His speech is peppered with references to the Bible, and, and the detective quotes from to in the original French. At the end of 'A Case of Identity', Holmes quotes. In The Hound of the Baskervilles, the detective recognises works by and: 'Watson won't allow that I know anything of art, but that is mere jealousy since our views upon the subject differ'. In 'The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans', Watson says that 'Holmes lost himself in a monograph which he had undertaken upon the Polyphonic of ', considered 'the last word' on the subject; to be able to do that, Holmes must have had a very specific and detailed musicological knowledge, which could not be of any use in detecting crime.
Holmes is also a, telling Watson in 'The Adventure of the Dancing Men': 'I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing, and am myself the author of a trifling monograph upon the subject, in which I analyse one hundred and sixty separate ciphers'.In A Study in Scarlet, Holmes claims to be unaware that the earth revolves around the sun since such information is irrelevant to his work; after hearing that fact from Watson, he says he will immediately try to forget it. The detective believes that the mind has a finite capacity for information storage, and learning useless things reduces one's ability to learn useful things. The later stories move away from this notion: in, he says, 'All knowledge comes useful to the detective', and in 'The Adventure of the Lion's Mane', the detective calls himself 'an omnivorous reader with a strangely retentive memory for trifles'.Holmes demonstrates a knowledge of psychology in 'A Scandal in Bohemia', luring Irene Adler into betraying where she hid a photograph based on the premise that an unmarried woman will save her most valued possession from a fire. Another example is in ', where Holmes obtains information from a salesman with a wager: 'When you see a man with whiskers of that cut and protruding out of his pocket, you can always draw him by a bet. I daresay that if I had put 100 pounds down in front of him, that man would not have given me such complete information as was drawn from him by the idea that he was doing me on a wager'.points out in an interview with that Holmes practices what is now called mindfulness, concentrating on one thing at a time, and almost never 'multitasks.'
She adds that in this he predates the science showing how helpful this is to the brain. Holmesian deduction.
Sidney Paget illustration of Holmes for 'The Adventure of the Abbey Grange'Though the stories always refer to Holmes' intellectual detection method as ', he primarily relies on: an explanation for observed details. 'From a drop of water', he writes, 'a logician could infer the possibility of an or a without having seen or heard of one or the other'.In 'A Scandal in Bohemia', Holmes infers that Watson had got wet lately and had 'a most clumsy and careless servant girl'.
When Watson asks how Holmes knows this, the detective answers:It is simplicity itself. My eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey.In the first Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet, Dr.
Watson compares Holmes to, Edgar Allan Poe's fictional detective, who employed a similar methodology. Alluding to an episode in ', where Dupin determines what his friend is thinking despite their having walked together in silence for a quarter of an hour, Holmes remarks: 'That trick of his breaking in on his friend's thoughts with an apropos remark.
Is really very showy and superficial'. Nevertheless, Holmes later performs the same 'trick' on Watson in ' and again in '.This methodology allows Holmes to learn a stranger's occupation and other details. He observes the dress and attitude of his clients and suspects, noting skin marks (such as tattoos), contamination (such as ink stains or clay on boots), emotional state, and physical condition in order to deduce their origins and recent history. The style and state of wear of a person's clothes and personal items are also commonly relied on; in the stories Holmes is seen applying his method to walking sticks, pipes, hats, and other objects.Holmes does employ deductive reasoning as well. The detective's guiding principle, as he says in The Sign of the Four and other stories, is: 'When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth'.Despite Holmes' remarkable reasoning abilities, Conan Doyle still paints him as fallible in this regard (this being a central theme of '). Forensic science.
19th-century Seibert microscopeThough Holmes is famed for his reasoning capabilities, his investigative technique relies heavily on the acquisition of hard evidence. British Army (Adams) Mark III, which differed from the Mark II in its ejector-rod design PistolsHolmes and Watson often carry pistols with them—in Watson's case, his old service weapon (probably a Mark III, issued to British troops during the 1870s). Holmes and Watson shoot the eponymous hound in The Hound of the Baskervilles, and in 'The Adventure of the Empty House' Holmes Colonel. In ', 'The Adventure of Black Peter', and ', Holmes or Watson use a pistol to capture the criminals.Other weaponsAs a gentleman, Holmes often carries a stick or cane. He is described by Watson as an expert at and uses his cane twice as a weapon. In A Study in Scarlet, Watson describes Holmes as an expert swordsman, and in 'The Adventure of the Gloria Scott' the detective practises.
In several stories ('A Case of Identity', 'The Red-Headed League', ') Holmes wields a, described in the latter story as his 'favourite weapon'.Personal combatThe detective is described (or demonstrated) as possessing above-average physical strength. In 'The Yellow Face', Holmes's chronicler says, 'Few men were capable of greater muscular effort.' In 'The Adventure of the Speckled Band', Dr. Roylott demonstrates his strength by bending a fire poker in half. Watson describes Holmes as laughing, 'if he had remained I might have shown him that my grip was not much more feeble than his own.'
As he spoke he picked up the steel poker and, with a sudden effort, straightened it out again.' Holmes is an adept fighter; 'The Adventure of the Gloria Scott' mentions that Holmes trained as a boxer. In The Sign of the Four, he introduces himself to McMurdo, a, as 'the who fought three rounds with you at Alison's rooms on the night of your benefit four years back.' McMurdo remembers: 'Ah, you're one that has wasted your gifts, you have! You might have aimed high if you had joined the fancy.' In 'The Yellow Face', Watson says: 'He was undoubtedly one of the finest boxers of his weight that I have ever seen'. The detective occasionally engages in hand-to-hand combat with his adversaries (in 'The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist' and ').In 'The Adventure of the Empty House', Holmes tells Watson that he used a known as to fling Moriarty to his death in the.
'Baritsu' is Conan Doyle's version of, which combines with boxing. 's view ofConan Doyle's 56 short stories and four novels are known as the ' by Holmes aficionados. Early canonical scholars included in Britain and in New York.
Morley founded —the first society devoted to the Holmes canon—in 1934.The Sherlockian game (also known as the Holmesian game, the Great Game, or simply the Game) attempts to resolve anomalies and clarify details about Holmes and Watson from the canon. The Game, which treats Holmes and Watson as real people (and Conan Doyle as Watson's ), combines history with aspects of the stories to construct biographies and other scholarly analyses of these aspects. Ronald Knox is credited with inventing the Game.One detail analyzed in the Game is Holmes's birth date.
The chronology of the stories is notoriously difficult, with many stories lacking dates and many others containing contradictory ones. Morley and (author of ) contend that the detective was born on 6 January 1854, the year being derived from the statement in 'His Last Bow' that he was 60 years of age in 1914, while the precise day is derived from broader, non-canonical speculation. This is the date the Baker Street Irregulars work from, with their annual dinner being held each January. Also speculated about Holmes's birth date. She instead argues that details in 'The Adventure of the Gloria Scott' (a story with no precise internal date) indicate that Holmes finished his second (and final) year of university in 1880 or 1885. If he began university at age 17, his birth year could be as late as 1868.Holmes's emotional and mental health have long been subjects of analysis in the Game. At their first meeting, in A Study in Scarlet, the detective warns Watson that he gets 'in the dumps at times' and doesn't open his 'mouth for days on end'.
Has suggested that Holmes exhibits signs of, with intense enthusiasm followed by indolent self-absorption. John Radford (1999) speculated on Holmes's intelligence. Using Conan Doyle's stories as data, he applied three methods to estimate the detective's and concluded that his IQ was about 190. Snyder (2004) examined Holmes's methods in the context of mid- to late-19th-century criminology. Statue of Holmes in an and a cap on Picardy Place in (Conan Doyle's birthplace)In 1934, the Sherlock Holmes Society (in London) and the (in New York) were founded. Both are still active, although the Sherlock Holmes Society was dissolved in 1937 and revived in 1951.
The London society is one of many worldwide who arrange visits to the scenes of Holmes adventures, such as the Reichenbach Falls in the.The two societies founded in 1934 were followed by many more, first in the U.S. (where they are known as 'scion societies'—offshoots—of the Baker Street Irregulars) and then in England and Denmark. There are at least 250 societies worldwide, including Australia, Canada , India, and Japan (whose society has 80,000 members).
Fans tend to be called 'Holmesians' in Britain and 'Sherlockians' in the United States, though recently 'Sherlockian' has also come to refer to fans of the regardless of location. MuseumsFor the 1951, Holmes's was reconstructed as part of a Sherlock Holmes exhibition, with a collection of original material. After the festival, items were transferred to (a London pub) and the Conan Doyle collection housed in, Switzerland by the author's son, Adrian. Both exhibitions, each with a Baker Street sitting-room reconstruction, are open to the public.In 1990, the opened on Baker Street in London, followed the next year by a museum in (near the Reichenbach Falls) dedicated to the detective.
A private Conan Doyle collection is a permanent exhibit at the, where the author lived and worked as a physician. Other honoursThe London named one of its 20 deployed in the 1920s for Sherlock Holmes. He was the only fictional character so honoured, along with eminent Britons such as, and.A number of London streets are associated with Holmes.
York Mews South, off Crawford Street, was renamed Sherlock Mews, and Watson's Mews is near Crawford Place.In 2002, the bestowed an honorary fellowship on Holmes for his use of forensic science and analytical chemistry in popular literature, making him (as of 2018) the only fictional character thus honoured. The popularity of Sherlock Holmes has meant that many writers other than Arthur Conan Doyle have created tales of the detective in a wide variety of different media, with varying degrees of fidelity to the original characters, stories, and setting. According to The Alternative Sherlock Holmes: Pastiches, Parodies, and Copies by Peter Ridgway Watt and Joseph Green, the first known period dates from 1893. Titled 'The Late Sherlock Holmes', it came from the pen of Conan Doyle's close friend,.A common pastiche approach is to create a new story fully detailing an otherwise-passing canonical reference (such as an aside by Conan Doyle mentioning the ', a story for which the world is not yet prepared' in '). Other adaptations have seen the character taken in radically different directions or placed in different times or even universes. For example, Holmes falls in love and marries in 's series, is re-animated after his death to fight future crime in the animated series, and is meshed with the setting of 's in 's ' (which won the 2004 for Best Short Story).
An especially influential pastiche was 's, a 1974 bestselling novel in which Holmes's cocaine addiction has progressed to the point of endangering his career. It was made into a in 1976 and popularised the pastiche-writing trend of incorporating clearly identified and contemporaneous historical figures (such as, or ) into tales featuring Holmes, something Conan Doyle himself never did.Related and derivative writings.
Further information:In addition to the, Conan Doyle's 1898 ' features an unnamed 'amateur reasoner' intended to be identified as Holmes by his readers. The author's explanation of a baffling disappearance argued in Holmesian style poked fun at his own creation.
Similar Conan Doyle short stories are the early 'The Field Bazaar', 'The Man with the Watches', and 1924's ', a of the Watson–Holmes breakfast-table scenes. The author wrote other material, especially plays, featuring Holmes. Much of it appears in Sherlock Holmes: The Published Apocrypha, edited by; The Final Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, edited by; and The Uncollected Sherlock Holmes, compiled by.In terms of writers other than Conan Doyle, authors as diverse as, and have all written Sherlock Holmes pastiches. Notably, famed American mystery writer collaborated with Arthur Conan Doyle's son, on, a pastiche collection from 1954. In 2011, published a Sherlock Holmes novel, presented as a continuation of Conan Doyle's work and with the approval of the Conan Doyle estate. A sequel, followed in 2014. The 'MX Book of New Sherlock Holmes Stories' series of pastiches, edited by David Marcum and published by MX Publishing, has reached over a dozen volumes and features hundreds of stories echoing the original canon which were compiled for the restoration of and the support of Stepping Stones School, now housed in it.Contemporary with Conan Doyle, directly featured Holmes in his popular series for the character of.
Following legal objections from Conan Doyle, Leblanc continued to feature pastiches of Holmes and other characters in works concerning the French, but with their names modified.Some authors have written tales centred on characters from the canon other than Holmes. Has written a series of seventeen books using as the central character, beginning with The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade in 1985.
' Irene Adler series is based on 'the woman' from 'A Scandal in Bohemia', with the first book (1990's Good Night, Mr. Holmes) retelling that story from Adler's point of view. Has written three novels where Baker Street housekeeper Mrs. Hudson is the protagonist.
Has been the subject of several efforts: Enter the Lion by and Sean M. Wright (1979), a four-book series by, and 2015's Mycroft, by former star., and, amongst many others, have all written tales in which Holmes's nemesis is the main character. Anthologies edited by Michael Kurland and are entirely devoted to stories told from the perspective of characters other than Holmes and Watson.recreated Holmes in her series (beginning with 1994's ), set during the First World War and the 1920s.
Her Holmes, semi-retired in Sussex, is stumbled upon by a teenaged American girl. Recognising a kindred spirit, he trains her as his apprentice and subsequently marries her. As of 2018, the series includes sixteen base novels and additional writings., a 2004 novella by, concerns an unnamed but long-retired detective interested in who tackles the case of a missing parrot belonging to a Jewish refugee boy. 's novel (2005) takes place two years after the end of the, and explores an old and frail Sherlock Holmes (now 93) as he comes to terms with a life spent in emotionless logic; this was also adapted into a film, 2015's.There have been a host of scholarly works dealing with Sherlock Holmes, some working within the bounds of the Great Game, and some written with the understanding that Holmes is a fictional character. In particular, there have been three major annotated editions of the complete series.
The first was William Baring-Gould's 1967 The Annotated Sherlock Holmes. This two-volume set was ordered to fit Baring-Gould's preferred chronology, and was written from a Great Game perspective. The second was 1993's The Oxford Sherlock Holmes (general editor: ), a nine-volume set written in a straight scholarly manner.
The most recent is (2004–05), a three-volume set that returns to a Great Game perspective.Adaptations in other media. Poster for the 1900 play by Conan Doyle and actorhas listed Holmes as the 'most portrayed movie character', with more than 70 actors playing the part in over 200 films. His first screen appearance was in the 1900 film,.
The detective has appeared in many foreign-language versions, including a Russian broadcast in November 2013. With 24 episodes per season, by the end of season two of became the actor who had portrayed Sherlock Holmes the most in television and/or film beating with and with.William Gillette's 1899 play was a synthesis of several Conan Doyle stories. In addition to its popularity, the play is significant because it, rather than the original stories, introduced one of the key visual qualities commonly associated with Holmes today: his. The play also formed the basis for the Gillette's 1916 film,.
In his lifetime, Gillette performed as Holmes some 1,300 times. In the early 1900s, took over the role from Gillette for a tour of the play. Between this play and Conan Doyle's own stage adaptation of 'The Adventure of the Speckled Band', Saintsbury portrayed Holmes over 1,000 times.
As Holmesplayed Holmes and played Watson in (two for and a dozen for ) from 1939 to 1946, and in on the from 1939 to 1946 (before the role of Holmes passed to ). While the Fox films were period pieces, the Universal films abandoned Victorian Britain and moved to a then-contemporary setting in which Holmes occasionally battled.The 1984–85 Italian/Japanese series adapted the Holmes stories for children, with its characters being. The series was co-directed by.Between 1979 and 1986, the studio produced a series of five television films,. The series were split into eleven episodes and starred as Holmes and as Watson. Livanov was appointed an Honorary Member of the for the performance, and ambassador described him as 'one of the best I've ever seen'. As Holmes in the TV series (1984)played the detective in seven series of for Britain's from 1984 to 1994.
Watson was played by (in the first two series) and (in the remainder). Brett and Hardwicke also appeared on stage in 1988–89 in The Secret of Sherlock Holmes, directed by.penned starring as Holmes and / as Watson, based on throwaway references in Conan Doyle's short stories and novels. He also produced original scripts for this series, which was also issued on CD.
Coules had previously dramatised the entire Holmes canon for.The 2009 film earned a for his portrayal of Holmes and co-starred as Watson. Downey and Law returned for a 2011 sequel,. In March 2019 a release date of 21 December 2021 was set for the third film in the series.
As Holmes inplays a modern version of the detective (with as John Watson) in the TV series, which premiered in 2010. In the series, created by and, the stories' original setting is replaced by present-day London. Cumberbatch's Holmes uses modern technology (including texting and blogging) to help solve crimes. Similarly, premiered on in 2012, and ran until for seven seasons, until 2019. Set in contemporary New York, the series features as Sherlock Holmes and as a female Dr. Joan Watson.The 2015 film starred as a retired Sherlock Holmes living in Sussex, in 1947, who grapples with an unsolved case involving a beautiful woman. The film is based on 's 2005 novel.The 2018 television adaptation, ' (ミス・シャーロック),' is a Japanese-language production, and the first adaptation to portray a female in the signature role.
The episodes are based in modern day Tokyo, with many references to Conan Doyle's stories.Holmes has also appeared in video games, including the series of eight main titles. According to the publisher, the series has sold over seven million copies. Copyright issuesThe copyright for Conan Doyle's works expired in the United Kingdom and Canada at the end of 1980, was revived in 1996 and expired again at the end of 2000. The author's works are now in the in those territories. All works published in the United States before 1923 are in the public domain; this includes all the Sherlock Holmes stories, except for some of the short stories collected in. Conan Doyle's heirs registered the copyright to The Case-Book in 1981 in accordance with the.On 14 February 2013, Leslie S.
Klinger (lawyer and editor of The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes) filed a suit against the Conan Doyle estate in the Northern District of Illinois asking the court to acknowledge that the characters of Holmes and Watson were public domain in the U.S. The court ruled in Klinger's favour on 23 December, and the affirmed its decision on 16 June 2014. The case was appealed to the, which declined to hear the case, letting the appeals court's ruling stand. This final step resulted in the characters from the Holmes stories, along with all but nine of the stories themselves (those present in The Case-Book other than 'The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone', 'The Problem of Thor Bridge', and 'The Adventure of the Creeping Man'), being in the public domain in the U.S.
American copyright on the remaining protected stories expires between 2020 and 2023. Main article: Novels. (published November 1887 in ). (published February 1890 in ). (serialised 1901–1902 in ).
(serialised 1914–1915 in The Strand)Short story collectionsThe short stories, originally published in magazines, were later collected in five anthologies:. (stories published 1891–1892 in The Strand). (stories published 1892–1893 in The Strand). (stories published 1903–1904 in The Strand).: Some Later Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes (stories published 1908–1917).
(stories published 1921–1927).